实时数仓:基于Flink Sql connector:kafka构建实时数仓
时数仓主要是为了解决传统数仓数据时效性低的问题,实时数仓通常会用在实时的OLAP分析、实时的数据看板、业务指标实时监控等场景。虽然关于实时数仓的架构及技术选型与传统的离线数仓会存在差异,但是关于数仓建设的基本方法论是一致的。本文会分享基于Flink SQL从0到1搭建一个实时数仓的demo,涉及数据采集、存储、计算、可视化整个处理流程。通过本文你可以了解到:实时数仓的基本架构实时数仓的数据处理流程
时数仓主要是为了解决传统数仓数据时效性低的问题,实时数仓通常会用在实时的OLAP分析、实时的数据看板、业务指标实时监控等场景。虽然关于实时数仓的架构及技术选型与传统的离线数仓会存在差异,但是关于数仓建设的基本方法论是一致的。本文会分享基于Flink SQL从0到1搭建一个实时数仓的demo,涉及数据采集、存储、计算、可视化整个处理流程。通过本文你可以了解到:
- 实时数仓的基本架构
- 实时数仓的数据处理流程
- Flink1.11的SQL新特性
- Flink1.11存在的bug
- 完整的操作案例
案例简介
本文会以电商业务为例,展示实时数仓的数据处理流程。另外,本文旨在说明实时数仓的构建流程,所以不会涉及太复杂的数据计算。为了保证案例的可操作性和完整性,本文会给出详细的操作步骤。为了方便演示,本文的所有操作都是在Flink SQL Cli中完成的。
架构设计
具体的架构设计如图所示:首先通过canal解析MySQL的binlog日志,将数据存储在Kafka中。然后使用Flink SQL对原始数据进行清洗关联,并将处理之后的明细宽表写入kafka中。维表数据存储在MySQL中,通过Flink SQL对明细宽表与维表进行JOIN,将聚合后的数据写入MySQL,最后通过FineBI进行可视化展示。
业务数据准备
- 订单表(order_info)
CREATE TABLE `order_info` (
`id` bigint(20) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT COMMENT '编号',
`consignee` varchar(100) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '收货人',
`consignee_tel` varchar(20) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '收件人电话',
`total_amount` decimal(10,2) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '总金额',
`order_status` varchar(20) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '订单状态',
`user_id` bigint(20) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '用户id',
`payment_way` varchar(20) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '付款方式',
`delivery_address` varchar(1000) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '送货地址',
`order_comment` varchar(200) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '订单备注',
`out_trade_no` varchar(50) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '订单交易编号(第三方支付用)',
`trade_body` varchar(200) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '订单描述(第三方支付用)',
`create_time` datetime DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '创建时间',
`operate_time` datetime DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '操作时间',
`expire_time` datetime DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '失效时间',
`tracking_no` varchar(100) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '物流单编号',
`parent_order_id` bigint(20) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '父订单编号',
`img_url` varchar(200) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '图片路径',
`province_id` int(20) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '地区',
PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=1 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 COMMENT='订单表';
- 订单详情表(order_detail)
CREATE TABLE `order_detail` (
`id` bigint(20) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT COMMENT '编号',
`order_id` bigint(20) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '订单编号',
`sku_id` bigint(20) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT 'sku_id',
`sku_name` varchar(200) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT 'sku名称(冗余)',
`img_url` varchar(200) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '图片名称(冗余)',
`order_price` decimal(10,2) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '购买价格(下单时sku价格)',
`sku_num` varchar(200) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '购买个数',
`create_time` datetime DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '创建时间',
PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=1 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 COMMENT='订单详情表';
- 商品表(sku_info)
CREATE TABLE `sku_info` (
`id` bigint(20) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT COMMENT 'skuid(itemID)',
`spu_id` bigint(20) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT 'spuid',
`price` decimal(10,0) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '价格',
`sku_name` varchar(200) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT 'sku名称',
`sku_desc` varchar(2000) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '商品规格描述',
`weight` decimal(10,2) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '重量',
`tm_id` bigint(20) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '品牌(冗余)',
`category3_id` bigint(20) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '三级分类id(冗余)',
`sku_default_img` varchar(200) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '默认显示图片(冗余)',
`create_time` datetime DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '创建时间',
PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=1 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 COMMENT='商品表';
数据处理流程
ODS层数据同步
关于ODS层的数据同步参见我的另一篇文章章基于Canal与Flink实现数据实时增量同步(一)。主要使用canal解析MySQL的binlog日志,然后将其写入到Kafka对应的topic中。由于篇幅限制,不会对具体的细节进行说明。同步之后的结果如下图所示:基于Canal与Flink实现数据实时增量同步(一)
DIM层维表数据准备
本案例中将维表存储在了MySQL中,实际生产中会用HBase存储维表数据。我们主要用到两张维表:区域维表和商品维表。处理过程如下:
- 区域维表
首先将mydw.base_province
和mydw.base_region
这个主题对应的数据抽取到MySQL中,主要使用Flink SQL的Kafka数据源对应的canal-json格式,注意:在执行装载之前,需要先在MySQL中创建对应的表,本文使用的MySQL数据库的名字为dim,用于存放维表数据。如下:
DWD层数据处理
经过上面的步骤,我们已经将所用的维表已经准备好了。接下来我们将对ODS的原始数据进行处理,加工成DWD层的明细宽表。具体过程如下:
-- -------------------------
-- 订单详情
-- Kafka Source
-- -------------------------
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `ods_order_detail`;
CREATE TABLE `ods_order_detail`(
`id` BIGINT,
`order_id` BIGINT,
`sku_id` BIGINT,
`sku_name` STRING,
`img_url` STRING,
`order_price` DECIMAL(10,2),
`sku_num` INT,
`create_time` TIMESTAMP(0)
) WITH(
'connector' = 'kafka',
'topic' = 'mydw.order_detail',
'properties.bootstrap.servers' = 'kms-3:9092',
'properties.group.id' = 'testGroup',
'format' = 'canal-json' ,
'scan.startup.mode' = 'earliest-offset'
) ;
-- -------------------------
-- 订单信息
-- Kafka Source
-- -------------------------
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `ods_order_info`;
CREATE TABLE `ods_order_info` (
`id` BIGINT,
`consignee` STRING,
`consignee_tel` STRING,
`total_amount` DECIMAL(10,2),
`order_status` STRING,
`user_id` BIGINT,
`payment_way` STRING,
`delivery_address` STRING,
`order_comment` STRING,
`out_trade_no` STRING,
`trade_body` STRING,
`create_time` TIMESTAMP(0) ,
`operate_time` TIMESTAMP(0) ,
`expire_time` TIMESTAMP(0) ,
`tracking_no` STRING,
`parent_order_id` BIGINT,
`img_url` STRING,
`province_id` INT
) WITH(
'connector' = 'kafka',
'topic' = 'mydw.order_info',
'properties.bootstrap.servers' = 'kms-3:9092',
'properties.group.id' = 'testGroup',
'format' = 'canal-json' ,
'scan.startup.mode' = 'earliest-offset'
) ;
-- ---------------------------------
-- DWD层,支付订单明细表dwd_paid_order_detail
-- ---------------------------------
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS dwd_paid_order_detail;
CREATE TABLE dwd_paid_order_detail
(
detail_id BIGINT,
order_id BIGINT,
user_id BIGINT,
province_id INT,
sku_id BIGINT,
sku_name STRING,
sku_num INT,
order_price DECIMAL(10,0),
create_time TIMESTAMP(0),
pay_time TIMESTAMP(0)
) WITH (
'connector' = 'kafka',
'topic' = 'dwd_paid_order_detail',
'scan.startup.mode' = 'earliest-offset',
'properties.bootstrap.servers' = 'kms-3:9092',
'format' = 'changelog-json'
);
-- ---------------------------------
-- DWD层,已支付订单明细表
-- 向dwd_paid_order_detail装载数据
-- ---------------------------------
INSERT INTO dwd_paid_order_detail
SELECT
od.id,
oi.id order_id,
oi.user_id,
oi.province_id,
od.sku_id,
od.sku_name,
od.sku_num,
od.order_price,
oi.create_time,
oi.operate_time
FROM
(
SELECT *
FROM ods_order_info
WHERE order_status = '2' -- 已支付
) oi JOIN
(
SELECT *
FROM ods_order_detail
) od
ON oi.id = od.order_id;
ADS层数据
经过上面的步骤,我们创建了一张dwd_paid_order_detail明细宽表,并将该表存储在了Kafka中。接下来我们将使用这张明细宽表与维表进行JOIN,得到我们ADS应用层数据。
- ads_province_index
首先在MySQL中创建对应的ADS目标表:ads_province_index
CREATE TABLE ads.ads_province_index(
province_id INT(10),
area_code VARCHAR(100),
province_name VARCHAR(100),
region_id INT(10),
region_name VARCHAR(100),
order_amount DECIMAL(10,2),
order_count BIGINT(10),
dt VARCHAR(100),
PRIMARY KEY (province_id, dt)
) ;
向MySQL的ADS层目标装载数据:
-- Flink SQL Cli操作
-- ---------------------------------
-- 使用 DDL创建MySQL中的ADS层表
-- 指标:1.每天每个省份的订单数
-- 2.每天每个省份的订单金额
-- ---------------------------------
CREATE TABLE ads_province_index(
province_id INT,
area_code STRING,
province_name STRING,
region_id INT,
region_name STRING,
order_amount DECIMAL(10,2),
order_count BIGINT,
dt STRING,
PRIMARY KEY (province_id, dt) NOT ENFORCED
) WITH (
'connector' = 'jdbc',
'url' = 'jdbc:mysql://kms-1:3306/ads',
'table-name' = 'ads_province_index',
'driver' = 'com.mysql.jdbc.Driver',
'username' = 'root',
'password' = '123qwe'
);
-- ---------------------------------
-- dwd_paid_order_detail已支付订单明细宽表
-- ---------------------------------
CREATE TABLE dwd_paid_order_detail
(
detail_id BIGINT,
order_id BIGINT,
user_id BIGINT,
province_id INT,
sku_id BIGINT,
sku_name STRING,
sku_num INT,
order_price DECIMAL(10,2),
create_time STRING,
pay_time STRING
) WITH (
'connector' = 'kafka',
'topic' = 'dwd_paid_order_detail',
'scan.startup.mode' = 'earliest-offset',
'properties.bootstrap.servers' = 'kms-3:9092',
'format' = 'changelog-json'
);
-- ---------------------------------
-- tmp_province_index
-- 订单汇总临时表
-- ---------------------------------
CREATE TABLE tmp_province_index(
province_id INT,
order_count BIGINT,-- 订单数
order_amount DECIMAL(10,2), -- 订单金额
pay_date DATE
)WITH (
'connector' = 'kafka',
'topic' = 'tmp_province_index',
'scan.startup.mode' = 'earliest-offset',
'properties.bootstrap.servers' = 'kms-3:9092',
'format' = 'changelog-json'
);
-- ---------------------------------
-- tmp_province_index
-- 订单汇总临时表数据装载
-- ---------------------------------
INSERT INTO tmp_province_index
SELECT
province_id,
count(distinct order_id) order_count,-- 订单数
sum(order_price * sku_num) order_amount, -- 订单金额
TO_DATE(pay_time,'yyyy-MM-dd') pay_date
FROM dwd_paid_order_detail
GROUP BY province_id,TO_DATE(pay_time,'yyyy-MM-dd')
;
-- ---------------------------------
-- tmp_province_index_source
-- 使用该临时汇总表,作为数据源
-- ---------------------------------
CREATE TABLE tmp_province_index_source(
province_id INT,
order_count BIGINT,-- 订单数
order_amount DECIMAL(10,2), -- 订单金额
pay_date DATE,
proctime as PROCTIME() -- 通过计算列产生一个处理时间列
) WITH (
'connector' = 'kafka',
'topic' = 'tmp_province_index',
'scan.startup.mode' = 'earliest-offset',
'properties.bootstrap.servers' = 'kms-3:9092',
'format' = 'changelog-json'
);
-- ---------------------------------
-- DIM层,区域维表,
-- 创建区域维表数据源
-- ---------------------------------
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `dim_province`;
CREATE TABLE dim_province (
province_id INT,
province_name STRING,
area_code STRING,
region_id INT,
region_name STRING ,
PRIMARY KEY (province_id) NOT ENFORCED
) WITH (
'connector' = 'jdbc',
'url' = 'jdbc:mysql://kms-1:3306/dim',
'table-name' = 'dim_province',
'driver' = 'com.mysql.jdbc.Driver',
'username' = 'root',
'password' = '123qwe',
'scan.fetch-size' = '100'
);
-- ---------------------------------
-- 向ads_province_index装载数据
-- 维表JOIN
-- ---------------------------------
INSERT INTO ads_province_index
SELECT
pc.province_id,
dp.area_code,
dp.province_name,
dp.region_id,
dp.region_name,
pc.order_amount,
pc.order_count,
cast(pc.pay_date as VARCHAR)
FROM
tmp_province_index_source pc
JOIN dim_province FOR SYSTEM_TIME AS OF pc.proctime as dp
ON dp.province_id = pc.province_id;
当提交任务之后:观察Flink WEB UI:
查看ADS层的ads_province_index表数据:
- ads_sku_index
首先在MySQL中创建对应的ADS目标表:ads_sku_index
向MySQL的ADS层目标装载数据:
-- ---------------------------------
-- 使用 DDL创建MySQL中的ADS层表
-- 指标:1.每天每个商品对应的订单个数
-- 2.每天每个商品对应的订单金额
-- 3.每天每个商品对应的数量
-- ---------------------------------
CREATE TABLE ads_sku_index
(
sku_id BIGINT,
sku_name VARCHAR,
weight DOUBLE,
tm_id BIGINT,
price DOUBLE,
spu_id BIGINT,
c3_id BIGINT,
c3_name VARCHAR ,
c2_id BIGINT,
c2_name VARCHAR,
c1_id BIGINT,
c1_name VARCHAR,
order_amount DOUBLE,
order_count BIGINT,
sku_count BIGINT,
dt varchar,
PRIMARY KEY (sku_id,dt) NOT ENFORCED
) WITH (
'connector' = 'jdbc',
'url' = 'jdbc:mysql://kms-1:3306/ads',
'table-name' = 'ads_sku_index',
'driver' = 'com.mysql.jdbc.Driver',
'username' = 'root',
'password' = '123qwe'
);
-- ---------------------------------
-- dwd_paid_order_detail已支付订单明细宽表
-- ---------------------------------
CREATE TABLE dwd_paid_order_detail
(
detail_id BIGINT,
order_id BIGINT,
user_id BIGINT,
province_id INT,
sku_id BIGINT,
sku_name STRING,
sku_num INT,
order_price DECIMAL(10,2),
create_time STRING,
pay_time STRING
) WITH (
'connector' = 'kafka',
'topic' = 'dwd_paid_order_detail',
'scan.startup.mode' = 'earliest-offset',
'properties.bootstrap.servers' = 'kms-3:9092',
'format' = 'changelog-json'
);
-- ---------------------------------
-- tmp_sku_index
-- 商品指标统计
-- ---------------------------------
CREATE TABLE tmp_sku_index(
sku_id BIGINT,
order_count BIGINT,-- 订单数
order_amount DECIMAL(10,2), -- 订单金额
order_sku_num BIGINT,
pay_date DATE
)WITH (
'connector' = 'kafka',
'topic' = 'tmp_sku_index',
'scan.startup.mode' = 'earliest-offset',
'properties.bootstrap.servers' = 'kms-3:9092',
'format' = 'changelog-json'
);
-- ---------------------------------
-- tmp_sku_index
-- 数据装载
-- ---------------------------------
INSERT INTO tmp_sku_index
SELECT
sku_id,
count(distinct order_id) order_count,-- 订单数
sum(order_price * sku_num) order_amount, -- 订单金额
sum(sku_num) order_sku_num,
TO_DATE(pay_time,'yyyy-MM-dd') pay_date
FROM dwd_paid_order_detail
GROUP BY sku_id,TO_DATE(pay_time,'yyyy-MM-dd')
;
-- ---------------------------------
-- tmp_sku_index_source
-- 使用该临时汇总表,作为数据源
-- ---------------------------------
CREATE TABLE tmp_sku_index_source(
sku_id BIGINT,
order_count BIGINT,-- 订单数
order_amount DECIMAL(10,2), -- 订单金额
order_sku_num BIGINT,
pay_date DATE,
proctime as PROCTIME() -- 通过计算列产生一个处理时间列
) WITH (
'connector' = 'kafka',
'topic' = 'tmp_sku_index',
'scan.startup.mode' = 'earliest-offset',
'properties.bootstrap.servers' = 'kms-3:9092',
'format' = 'changelog-json'
);
-- ---------------------------------
-- DIM层,商品维表,
-- 创建商品维表数据源
-- ---------------------------------
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `dim_sku_info`;
CREATE TABLE dim_sku_info (
id BIGINT,
sku_name STRING,
c3_id BIGINT,
weight DECIMAL(10,2),
tm_id BIGINT,
price DECIMAL(10,2),
spu_id BIGINT,
c3_name STRING,
c2_id BIGINT,
c2_name STRING,
c1_id BIGINT,
c1_name STRING,
PRIMARY KEY (id) NOT ENFORCED
) WITH (
'connector' = 'jdbc',
'url' = 'jdbc:mysql://kms-1:3306/dim',
'table-name' = 'dim_sku_info',
'driver' = 'com.mysql.jdbc.Driver',
'username' = 'root',
'password' = '123qwe',
'scan.fetch-size' = '100'
);
-- ---------------------------------
-- 向ads_sku_index装载数据
-- 维表JOIN
-- ---------------------------------
INSERT INTO ads_sku_index
SELECT
sku_id ,
sku_name ,
weight ,
tm_id ,
price ,
spu_id ,
c3_id ,
c3_name,
c2_id ,
c2_name ,
c1_id ,
c1_name ,
sc.order_amount,
sc.order_count ,
sc.order_sku_num ,
cast(sc.pay_date as VARCHAR)
FROM
tmp_sku_index_source sc
JOIN dim_sku_info FOR SYSTEM_TIME AS OF sc.proctime as ds
ON ds.id = sc.sku_id
;
当提交任务之后:观察Flink WEB UI:
查看ADS层的ads_sku_index表数据:
FineBI结果展示
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