时数仓主要是为了解决传统数仓数据时效性低的问题,实时数仓通常会用在实时的OLAP分析、实时的数据看板、业务指标实时监控等场景。虽然关于实时数仓的架构及技术选型与传统的离线数仓会存在差异,但是关于数仓建设的基本方法论是一致的。本文会分享基于Flink SQL从0到1搭建一个实时数仓的demo,涉及数据采集、存储、计算、可视化整个处理流程。通过本文你可以了解到:

  • 实时数仓的基本架构
  • 实时数仓的数据处理流程
  • Flink1.11的SQL新特性
  • Flink1.11存在的bug
  • 完整的操作案例

案例简介

        本文会以电商业务为例,展示实时数仓的数据处理流程。另外,本文旨在说明实时数仓的构建流程,所以不会涉及太复杂的数据计算。为了保证案例的可操作性和完整性,本文会给出详细的操作步骤。为了方便演示,本文的所有操作都是在Flink SQL Cli中完成的

架构设计

        具体的架构设计如图所示:首先通过canal解析MySQL的binlog日志,将数据存储在Kafka中。然后使用Flink SQL对原始数据进行清洗关联,并将处理之后的明细宽表写入kafka中。维表数据存储在MySQL中,通过Flink SQL对明细宽表与维表进行JOIN,将聚合后的数据写入MySQL,最后通过FineBI进行可视化展示。

业务数据准备

  • 订单表(order_info)
CREATE TABLE `order_info` (
  `id` bigint(20) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT COMMENT '编号',
  `consignee` varchar(100) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '收货人',
  `consignee_tel` varchar(20) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '收件人电话',
  `total_amount` decimal(10,2) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '总金额',
  `order_status` varchar(20) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '订单状态',
  `user_id` bigint(20) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '用户id',
  `payment_way` varchar(20) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '付款方式',
  `delivery_address` varchar(1000) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '送货地址',
  `order_comment` varchar(200) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '订单备注',
  `out_trade_no` varchar(50) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '订单交易编号(第三方支付用)',
  `trade_body` varchar(200) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '订单描述(第三方支付用)',
  `create_time` datetime DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '创建时间',
  `operate_time` datetime DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '操作时间',
  `expire_time` datetime DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '失效时间',
  `tracking_no` varchar(100) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '物流单编号',
  `parent_order_id` bigint(20) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '父订单编号',
  `img_url` varchar(200) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '图片路径',
  `province_id` int(20) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '地区',
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=1 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 COMMENT='订单表';
  • 订单详情表(order_detail) 
CREATE TABLE `order_detail` (
  `id` bigint(20) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT COMMENT '编号',
  `order_id` bigint(20) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '订单编号',
  `sku_id` bigint(20) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT 'sku_id',
  `sku_name` varchar(200) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT 'sku名称(冗余)',
  `img_url` varchar(200) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '图片名称(冗余)',
  `order_price` decimal(10,2) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '购买价格(下单时sku价格)',
  `sku_num` varchar(200) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '购买个数',
  `create_time` datetime DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '创建时间',
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=1 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 COMMENT='订单详情表';
  • 商品表(sku_info)
CREATE TABLE `sku_info` (
  `id` bigint(20) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT COMMENT 'skuid(itemID)',
  `spu_id` bigint(20) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT 'spuid',
  `price` decimal(10,0) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '价格',
  `sku_name` varchar(200) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT 'sku名称',
  `sku_desc` varchar(2000) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '商品规格描述',
  `weight` decimal(10,2) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '重量',
  `tm_id` bigint(20) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '品牌(冗余)',
  `category3_id` bigint(20) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '三级分类id(冗余)',
  `sku_default_img` varchar(200) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '默认显示图片(冗余)',
  `create_time` datetime DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '创建时间',
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=1 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 COMMENT='商品表';

数据处理流程

ODS层数据同步

关于ODS层的数据同步参见我的另一篇文章章基于Canal与Flink实现数据实时增量同步(一)。主要使用canal解析MySQL的binlog日志,然后将其写入到Kafka对应的topic中。由于篇幅限制,不会对具体的细节进行说明。同步之后的结果如下图所示:基于Canal与Flink实现数据实时增量同步(一)

DIM层维表数据准备

本案例中将维表存储在了MySQL中,实际生产中会用HBase存储维表数据。我们主要用到两张维表:区域维表商品维表。处理过程如下:

  • 区域维表

首先将mydw.base_provincemydw.base_region这个主题对应的数据抽取到MySQL中,主要使用Flink SQL的Kafka数据源对应的canal-json格式,注意:在执行装载之前,需要先在MySQL中创建对应的表,本文使用的MySQL数据库的名字为dim,用于存放维表数据。如下:

DWD层数据处理

经过上面的步骤,我们已经将所用的维表已经准备好了。接下来我们将对ODS的原始数据进行处理,加工成DWD层的明细宽表。具体过程如下:

-- -------------------------
--   订单详情
--   Kafka Source
-- ------------------------- 

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `ods_order_detail`;
CREATE TABLE `ods_order_detail`(
  `id` BIGINT,
  `order_id` BIGINT,
  `sku_id` BIGINT,
  `sku_name` STRING,
  `img_url` STRING,
  `order_price` DECIMAL(10,2),
  `sku_num` INT,
  `create_time` TIMESTAMP(0)
) WITH(
 'connector' = 'kafka',
 'topic' = 'mydw.order_detail',
 'properties.bootstrap.servers' = 'kms-3:9092',
 'properties.group.id' = 'testGroup',
 'format' = 'canal-json' ,
 'scan.startup.mode' = 'earliest-offset' 
) ; 

-- -------------------------
--   订单信息
--   Kafka Source
-- -------------------------
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `ods_order_info`;
CREATE TABLE `ods_order_info` (
  `id` BIGINT,
  `consignee` STRING,
  `consignee_tel` STRING,
  `total_amount` DECIMAL(10,2),
  `order_status` STRING,
  `user_id` BIGINT,
  `payment_way` STRING,
  `delivery_address` STRING,
  `order_comment` STRING,
  `out_trade_no` STRING,
  `trade_body` STRING,
  `create_time` TIMESTAMP(0) ,
  `operate_time` TIMESTAMP(0) ,
  `expire_time` TIMESTAMP(0) ,
  `tracking_no` STRING,
  `parent_order_id` BIGINT,
  `img_url` STRING,
  `province_id` INT
) WITH(
'connector' = 'kafka',
 'topic' = 'mydw.order_info',
 'properties.bootstrap.servers' = 'kms-3:9092',
 'properties.group.id' = 'testGroup',
 'format' = 'canal-json' ,
 'scan.startup.mode' = 'earliest-offset' 
) ; 

-- ---------------------------------
-- DWD层,支付订单明细表dwd_paid_order_detail
-- ---------------------------------
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS dwd_paid_order_detail;
CREATE TABLE dwd_paid_order_detail
(
  detail_id BIGINT,
  order_id BIGINT,
  user_id BIGINT,
  province_id INT,
  sku_id BIGINT,
  sku_name STRING,
  sku_num INT,
  order_price DECIMAL(10,0),
  create_time TIMESTAMP(0),
  pay_time TIMESTAMP(0)
 ) WITH (
    'connector' = 'kafka',
    'topic' = 'dwd_paid_order_detail',
    'scan.startup.mode' = 'earliest-offset',
    'properties.bootstrap.servers' = 'kms-3:9092',
    'format' = 'changelog-json'
);
-- ---------------------------------
-- DWD层,已支付订单明细表
-- 向dwd_paid_order_detail装载数据
-- ---------------------------------
INSERT INTO dwd_paid_order_detail
SELECT
  od.id,
  oi.id order_id,
  oi.user_id,
  oi.province_id,
  od.sku_id,
  od.sku_name,
  od.sku_num,
  od.order_price,
  oi.create_time,
  oi.operate_time
FROM
    (
    SELECT * 
    FROM ods_order_info
    WHERE order_status = '2' -- 已支付
    ) oi JOIN
    (
    SELECT *
    FROM ods_order_detail
    ) od 
    ON oi.id = od.order_id;

ADS层数据

经过上面的步骤,我们创建了一张dwd_paid_order_detail明细宽表,并将该表存储在了Kafka中。接下来我们将使用这张明细宽表与维表进行JOIN,得到我们ADS应用层数据。

  • ads_province_index

首先在MySQL中创建对应的ADS目标表:ads_province_index

CREATE TABLE ads.ads_province_index(
  province_id INT(10),
  area_code VARCHAR(100),
  province_name VARCHAR(100),
  region_id INT(10),
  region_name VARCHAR(100),
  order_amount DECIMAL(10,2),
  order_count BIGINT(10),
  dt VARCHAR(100),
  PRIMARY KEY (province_id, dt) 
) ;

 向MySQL的ADS层目标装载数据:

-- Flink SQL Cli操作
-- ---------------------------------
-- 使用 DDL创建MySQL中的ADS层表
-- 指标:1.每天每个省份的订单数
--      2.每天每个省份的订单金额
-- ---------------------------------
CREATE TABLE ads_province_index(
  province_id INT,
  area_code STRING,
  province_name STRING,
  region_id INT,
  region_name STRING,
  order_amount DECIMAL(10,2),
  order_count BIGINT,
  dt STRING,
  PRIMARY KEY (province_id, dt) NOT ENFORCED  
) WITH (
    'connector' = 'jdbc',
    'url' = 'jdbc:mysql://kms-1:3306/ads',
    'table-name' = 'ads_province_index', 
    'driver' = 'com.mysql.jdbc.Driver',
    'username' = 'root',
    'password' = '123qwe'
);
-- ---------------------------------
-- dwd_paid_order_detail已支付订单明细宽表
-- ---------------------------------
CREATE TABLE dwd_paid_order_detail
(
  detail_id BIGINT,
  order_id BIGINT,
  user_id BIGINT,
  province_id INT,
  sku_id BIGINT,
  sku_name STRING,
  sku_num INT,
  order_price DECIMAL(10,2),
  create_time STRING,
  pay_time STRING
 ) WITH (
    'connector' = 'kafka',
    'topic' = 'dwd_paid_order_detail',
    'scan.startup.mode' = 'earliest-offset',
    'properties.bootstrap.servers' = 'kms-3:9092',
    'format' = 'changelog-json'
);

-- ---------------------------------
-- tmp_province_index
-- 订单汇总临时表
-- ---------------------------------
CREATE TABLE tmp_province_index(
    province_id INT,
    order_count BIGINT,-- 订单数
    order_amount DECIMAL(10,2), -- 订单金额
    pay_date DATE
)WITH (
    'connector' = 'kafka',
    'topic' = 'tmp_province_index',
    'scan.startup.mode' = 'earliest-offset',
    'properties.bootstrap.servers' = 'kms-3:9092',
    'format' = 'changelog-json'
);
-- ---------------------------------
-- tmp_province_index
-- 订单汇总临时表数据装载
-- ---------------------------------
INSERT INTO tmp_province_index
SELECT
      province_id,
      count(distinct order_id) order_count,-- 订单数
      sum(order_price * sku_num) order_amount, -- 订单金额
      TO_DATE(pay_time,'yyyy-MM-dd') pay_date
FROM dwd_paid_order_detail
GROUP BY province_id,TO_DATE(pay_time,'yyyy-MM-dd')
;
-- ---------------------------------
-- tmp_province_index_source
-- 使用该临时汇总表,作为数据源
-- ---------------------------------
CREATE TABLE tmp_province_index_source(
    province_id INT,
    order_count BIGINT,-- 订单数
    order_amount DECIMAL(10,2), -- 订单金额
    pay_date DATE,
    proctime as PROCTIME()   -- 通过计算列产生一个处理时间列
 ) WITH (
    'connector' = 'kafka',
    'topic' = 'tmp_province_index',
    'scan.startup.mode' = 'earliest-offset',
    'properties.bootstrap.servers' = 'kms-3:9092',
    'format' = 'changelog-json'
);

-- ---------------------------------
-- DIM层,区域维表,
-- 创建区域维表数据源
-- ---------------------------------
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `dim_province`;
CREATE TABLE dim_province (
  province_id INT,
  province_name STRING,
  area_code STRING,
  region_id INT,
  region_name STRING ,
  PRIMARY KEY (province_id) NOT ENFORCED
) WITH (
    'connector' = 'jdbc',
    'url' = 'jdbc:mysql://kms-1:3306/dim',
    'table-name' = 'dim_province', 
    'driver' = 'com.mysql.jdbc.Driver',
    'username' = 'root',
    'password' = '123qwe',
    'scan.fetch-size' = '100'
);

-- ---------------------------------
-- 向ads_province_index装载数据
-- 维表JOIN
-- ---------------------------------

INSERT INTO ads_province_index
SELECT
  pc.province_id,
  dp.area_code,
  dp.province_name,
  dp.region_id,
  dp.region_name,
  pc.order_amount,
  pc.order_count,
  cast(pc.pay_date as VARCHAR)
FROM
tmp_province_index_source pc
  JOIN dim_province FOR SYSTEM_TIME AS OF pc.proctime as dp 
  ON dp.province_id = pc.province_id;

 当提交任务之后:观察Flink WEB UI:

 查看ADS层的ads_province_index表数据:

  • ads_sku_index

首先在MySQL中创建对应的ADS目标表:ads_sku_index

向MySQL的ADS层目标装载数据:

-- ---------------------------------
-- 使用 DDL创建MySQL中的ADS层表
-- 指标:1.每天每个商品对应的订单个数
--      2.每天每个商品对应的订单金额
--      3.每天每个商品对应的数量
-- ---------------------------------
CREATE TABLE ads_sku_index
(
  sku_id BIGINT,
  sku_name VARCHAR,
  weight DOUBLE,
  tm_id BIGINT,
  price DOUBLE,
  spu_id BIGINT,
  c3_id BIGINT,
  c3_name VARCHAR ,
  c2_id BIGINT,
  c2_name VARCHAR,
  c1_id BIGINT,
  c1_name VARCHAR,
  order_amount DOUBLE,
  order_count BIGINT,
  sku_count BIGINT,
  dt varchar,
  PRIMARY KEY (sku_id,dt) NOT ENFORCED
) WITH (
    'connector' = 'jdbc',
    'url' = 'jdbc:mysql://kms-1:3306/ads',
    'table-name' = 'ads_sku_index', 
    'driver' = 'com.mysql.jdbc.Driver',
    'username' = 'root',
    'password' = '123qwe'
);

-- ---------------------------------
-- dwd_paid_order_detail已支付订单明细宽表
-- ---------------------------------
CREATE TABLE dwd_paid_order_detail
(
  detail_id BIGINT,
  order_id BIGINT,
  user_id BIGINT,
  province_id INT,
  sku_id BIGINT,
  sku_name STRING,
  sku_num INT,
  order_price DECIMAL(10,2),
  create_time STRING,
  pay_time STRING
 ) WITH (
    'connector' = 'kafka',
    'topic' = 'dwd_paid_order_detail',
    'scan.startup.mode' = 'earliest-offset',
    'properties.bootstrap.servers' = 'kms-3:9092',
    'format' = 'changelog-json'
);

-- ---------------------------------
-- tmp_sku_index
-- 商品指标统计
-- ---------------------------------
CREATE TABLE tmp_sku_index(
    sku_id BIGINT,
    order_count BIGINT,-- 订单数
    order_amount DECIMAL(10,2), -- 订单金额
	order_sku_num BIGINT,
    pay_date DATE
)WITH (
    'connector' = 'kafka',
    'topic' = 'tmp_sku_index',
    'scan.startup.mode' = 'earliest-offset',
    'properties.bootstrap.servers' = 'kms-3:9092',
    'format' = 'changelog-json'
);
-- ---------------------------------
-- tmp_sku_index
-- 数据装载
-- ---------------------------------
INSERT INTO tmp_sku_index
SELECT
      sku_id,
      count(distinct order_id) order_count,-- 订单数
      sum(order_price * sku_num) order_amount, -- 订单金额
	  sum(sku_num) order_sku_num,
      TO_DATE(pay_time,'yyyy-MM-dd') pay_date
FROM dwd_paid_order_detail
GROUP BY sku_id,TO_DATE(pay_time,'yyyy-MM-dd')
;

-- ---------------------------------
-- tmp_sku_index_source
-- 使用该临时汇总表,作为数据源
-- ---------------------------------
CREATE TABLE tmp_sku_index_source(
    sku_id BIGINT,
    order_count BIGINT,-- 订单数
    order_amount DECIMAL(10,2), -- 订单金额
    order_sku_num BIGINT,
    pay_date DATE,
    proctime as PROCTIME()   -- 通过计算列产生一个处理时间列
 ) WITH (
    'connector' = 'kafka',
    'topic' = 'tmp_sku_index',
    'scan.startup.mode' = 'earliest-offset',
    'properties.bootstrap.servers' = 'kms-3:9092',
    'format' = 'changelog-json'
);
-- ---------------------------------
-- DIM层,商品维表,
-- 创建商品维表数据源
-- ---------------------------------
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `dim_sku_info`;
CREATE TABLE dim_sku_info (
  id BIGINT,
  sku_name STRING,
  c3_id BIGINT,
  weight DECIMAL(10,2),
  tm_id BIGINT,
  price DECIMAL(10,2),
  spu_id BIGINT,
  c3_name STRING,
  c2_id BIGINT,
  c2_name STRING,
  c1_id BIGINT,
  c1_name STRING,
  PRIMARY KEY (id) NOT ENFORCED
) WITH (
    'connector' = 'jdbc',
    'url' = 'jdbc:mysql://kms-1:3306/dim',
    'table-name' = 'dim_sku_info', 
    'driver' = 'com.mysql.jdbc.Driver',
    'username' = 'root',
    'password' = '123qwe',
    'scan.fetch-size' = '100'
);
-- ---------------------------------
-- 向ads_sku_index装载数据
-- 维表JOIN
-- ---------------------------------
INSERT INTO ads_sku_index
SELECT
  sku_id ,
  sku_name ,
  weight ,
  tm_id ,
  price ,
  spu_id ,
  c3_id ,
  c3_name,
  c2_id ,
  c2_name ,
  c1_id ,
  c1_name ,
  sc.order_amount,
  sc.order_count ,
  sc.order_sku_num ,
  cast(sc.pay_date as VARCHAR)
FROM
tmp_sku_index_source sc 
  JOIN dim_sku_info FOR SYSTEM_TIME AS OF sc.proctime as ds
  ON ds.id = sc.sku_id
  ;

当提交任务之后:观察Flink WEB UI:

 查看ADS层的ads_sku_index表数据:

 FineBI结果展示

实时数仓|基于Flink1.11的SQL构建实时数仓探索实践_jmx_bigdata的博客-CSDN博客

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