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目录：
　　一、什么是kafka?
　　二、kafka的官方网站在哪里？
　　三、在哪里下载？需要哪些组件的支持？
　　四、如何安装？
　　五、FAQ
　　六、扩展阅读

　　一、什么是kafka?
　　kafka是LinkedIn开发并开源的一个分布式MQ系统，现在是Apache的一个孵化项目。在它的主页描述kafka为一个高吞吐量的分布式（能将消息分散到不同的节点上）MQ。Kafka仅仅由7000行Scala编写，据了解，Kafka每秒可以生产约25万消息（50 MB），每秒处理55万消息（110 MB）。
　　kafka目前支持多种客户端语言：java，python，c++，php等等。
　　kafka集群的简要图解如下，producer写入消息，consumer读取消息：

　　kafka设计目标
  • 高吞吐量是其核心设计之一。
  • 数据磁盘持久化：消息不在内存中cache，直接写入到磁盘，充分利用磁盘的顺序读写性能。
  • zero-copy：减少IO操作步骤。
  • 支持数据批量发送和拉取。
  • 支持数据压缩。
  • Topic划分为多个partition，提高并行处理能力。

　　kafka名词解释和工作方式：
  • Producer ：消息生产者，就是向kafka broker发消息的客户端。
  • Consumer ：消息消费者，向kafka broker取消息的客户端
  • Topic ：可以理解为一个队列。
  • Consumer Group （CG）：这是kafka用来实现一个topic消息的广播（发给所有的consumer）和单播（发给任意一个consumer）的手段。一个topic可以有多个CG。topic的消息会复制（不是真的复制，是概念上的）到所有的CG，但每个CG只会把消息发给该CG中的一个consumer。如果需要实现广播，只要每个consumer有一个独立的CG就可以了。要实现单播只要所有的consumer在同一个CG。用CG还可以将consumer进行自由的分组而不需要多次发送消息到不同的topic。
  • Broker ：一台kafka服务器就是一个broker。一个集群由多个broker组成。一个broker可以容纳多个topic。
  • Partition：为了实现扩展性，一个非常大的topic可以分布到多个broker（即服务器）上，一个topic可以分为多个partition，每个partition是一个有序的队列。partition中的每条消息都会被分配一个有序的id（offset）。kafka只保证按一个partition中的顺序将消息发给consumer，不保证一个topic的整体（多个partition间）的顺序。
  •  Offset：kafka的存储文件都是按照offset.kafka来命名，用offset做名字的好处是方便查找。例如你想找位于2049的位置，只要找到2048.kafka的文件即可。当然the first offset就是00000000000.kafka

　　kafak系统扩展性：
  • kafka使用zookeeper来实现动态的集群扩展，不需要更改客户端（producer和consumer）的配置。broker会在zookeeper注册并保持相关的元数据（topic，partition信息等）更新。
  • 而客户端会在zookeeper上注册相关的watcher。一旦zookeeper发生变化，客户端能及时感知并作出相应调整。这样就保证了添加或去除broker时，各broker间仍能自动实现负载均衡。

　　kafak和zookeeper的关系：
  • Producer端使用zookeeper用来"发现"broker列表,以及和Topic下每个partition leader建立socket连接并发送消息.
  • Broker端使用zookeeper用来注册broker信息,已经监测partition leader存活性.
  • Consumer端使用zookeeper用来注册consumer信息,其中包括consumer消费的partition列表等,同时也用来发现broker列表,并和partition leader建立socket连接,并获取消息.

　　二、kafka的官方网站在哪里？

　　三、在哪里下载？需要哪些组件的支持？
　　kafka2.9.2在下面的地址可以下载：

　　需要zookeeper的支持，相关安装及下载，可以参考这篇文章《 ubuntu12.04+hadoop2.2.0+zookeeper3.4.5+hbase0.96.2+hive0.13.1分布式环境部署》

　　四、如何安装？
　　1、解压kafka_2.9.2-0.8.1.1.tgz，本文中解压到/home/hadoop目录下
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root@m1: /home/hadoop/kafka_2 .9.2-0.8.1.1 # pwd
/home/hadoop/kafka_2 .9.2-0.8.1.1

　　2、修改server.properties配置文件。这里使用zookeeper的部分，请参考可以参考这篇文章《 ubuntu12.04+hadoop2.2.0+zookeeper3.4.5+hbase0.96.2+hive0.13.1分布式环境部署》中的配置，见下方第123行：
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root@m1: /home/hadoop/kafka_2 .9.2-0.8.1.1 # cat config/server.properties
# Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
# contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
# this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
# The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
# (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
# the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
#    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.
# see kafka.server.KafkaConfig for additional details and defaults
 
############################# Server Basics #############################
 
# The id of the broker. This must be set to a unique integer for each broker.
#整数，建议根据ip区分,这里我是使用zookeeper中的id来设置
broker. id =1
 
############################# Socket Server Settings #############################
 
# The port the socket server listens on
#broker用于接收producer消息的端口
port=9092
#port=44444
 
# Hostname the broker will bind to. If not set, the server will bind to all interfaces
#broker的hostname
host.name=m1
 
# Hostname the broker will advertise to producers and consumers. If not set, it uses the
# value for "host.name" if configured.  Otherwise, it will use the value returned from
# java.net.InetAddress.getCanonicalHostName().
#这个是配置PRODUCER/CONSUMER连上来的时候使用的地址
advertised.host.name=m1
 
# The port to publish to ZooKeeper for clients to use. If this is not set,
# it will publish the same port that the broker binds to.
#advertised.port=<port accessible by clients>
 
# The number of threads handling network requests
num.network.threads=2
  
# The number of threads doing disk I/O
num.io.threads=8
 
# The send buffer (SO_SNDBUF) used by the socket server
socket.send.buffer.bytes=1048576
 
# The receive buffer (SO_RCVBUF) used by the socket server
socket.receive.buffer.bytes=1048576
 
# The maximum size of a request that the socket server will accept (protection against OOM)
socket.request.max.bytes=104857600
 
 
############################# Log Basics #############################
 
# A comma seperated list of directories under which to store log files
#kafka存放消息文件的路径
log. dirs = /home/hadoop/kafka_2 .9.2-0.8.1.1 /kafka-logs
 
# The default number of log partitions per topic. More partitions allow greater
# parallelism for consumption, but this will also result in more files across
# the brokers.
#topic的默认分区数
num.partitions=2
 
############################# Log Flush Policy #############################
 
# Messages are immediately written to the filesystem but by default we only fsync() to sync
# the OS cache lazily. The following configurations control the flush of data to disk.
# There are a few important trade-offs here:
#    1. Durability: Unflushed data may be lost if you are not using replication.
#    2. Latency: Very large flush intervals may lead to latency spikes when the flush does occur as there will be a lot of data to flush.
#    3. Throughput: The flush is generally the most expensive operation, and a small flush interval may lead to exceessive seeks.
# The settings below allow one to configure the flush policy to flush data after a period of time or
# every N messages (or both). This can be done globally and overridden on a per-topic basis.
 
# The number of messages to accept before forcing a flush of data to disk
#log.flush.interval.messages=10000
 
# The maximum amount of time a message can sit in a log before we force a flush
#log.flush.interval.ms=1000
 
############################# Log Retention Policy #############################
 
# The following configurations control the disposal of log segments. The policy can
# be set to delete segments after a period of time, or after a given size has accumulated.
# A segment will be deleted whenever *either* of these criteria are met. Deletion always happens
# from the end of the log.
 
# The minimum age of a log file to be eligible for deletion
#kafka接收日志的存储目录(目前我们保存7天数据log.retention.hours=168)
log.retention.hours=168
 
# A size-based retention policy for logs. Segments are pruned from the log as long as the remaining
# segments don't drop below log.retention.bytes.
#log.retention.bytes=1073741824
 
# The maximum size of a log segment file. When this size is reached a new log segment will be created.
log.segment.bytes=536870912
 
# The interval at which log segments are checked to see if they can be deleted according
# to the retention policies
log.retention.check.interval.ms=60000
 
# By default the log cleaner is disabled and the log retention policy will default to just delete segments after their retention expires.
# If log.cleaner.enable=true is set the cleaner will be enabled and individual logs can then be marked for log compaction.
log.cleaner. enable = false
 
############################# Zookeeper #############################
 
# Zookeeper connection string (see zookeeper docs for details).
# This is a comma separated host:port pairs, each corresponding to a zk
# server. e.g. "127.0.0.1:3000,127.0.0.1:3001,127.0.0.1:3002".
# You can also append an optional chroot string to the urls to specify the
# root directory for all kafka znodes.
zookeeper.connect=m1:2181,m2:2181,s1:2181,s2:2181
 
# Timeout in ms for connecting to zookeeper
zookeeper.connection.timeout.ms=1000000

　　3、启动zookeeper和kafka
　　　　1)zookeeper的启动，请参考这篇文章《 ubuntu12.04+hadoop2.2.0+zookeeper3.4.5+hbase0.96.2+hive0.13.1分布式环境部署》
　　　　启动后可以用以下命令在每台机器上查看状态：
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root@m1: /home/hadoop # /home/hadoop/zookeeper-3.4.5/bin/zkServer.sh status
JMX enabled by default
Using config: /home/hadoop/zookeeper-3 .4.5 /bin/ .. /conf/zoo .cfg
Mode: leader

　　　　2)在m1,m2,s1,s2的机器上启动kafka，在这之前请先将m1上的kafka复制到另外三台机器上，复制后，记得更改server.properties配置文件中的host名称为当前所在机器。以下代码是在m1上执行后的效果：
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root@m1: /home/hadoop # /home/hadoop/kafka_2.9.2-0.8.1.1/bin/kafka-server-start.sh /home/hadoop/kafka_2.9.2-0.8.1.1/config/server.properties &
[1] 31823
root@m1: /home/hadoop # [2014-08-05 10:03:11,210] INFO Verifying properties (kafka.utils.VerifiableProperties)
[2014-08-05 10:03:11,261] INFO Property advertised.host.name is overridden to m1 (kafka.utils.VerifiableProperties)
[2014-08-05 10:03:11,261] INFO Property broker. id is overridden to 1 (kafka.utils.VerifiableProperties)
[2014-08-05 10:03:11,264] INFO Property host.name is overridden to m1 (kafka.utils.VerifiableProperties)
[2014-08-05 10:03:11,264] INFO Property log.cleaner. enable is overridden to false (kafka.utils.VerifiableProperties)
[2014-08-05 10:03:11,264] INFO Property log. dirs is overridden to /home/hadoop/kafka_2 .9.2-0.8.1.1 /kafka-logs (kafka.utils.VerifiableProperties)
[2014-08-05 10:03:11,265] INFO Property log.retention.check.interval.ms is overridden to 60000 (kafka.utils.VerifiableProperties)
[2014-08-05 10:03:11,265] INFO Property log.retention.hours is overridden to 168 (kafka.utils.VerifiableProperties)
[2014-08-05 10:03:11,265] INFO Property log.segment.bytes is overridden to 536870912 (kafka.utils.VerifiableProperties)
[2014-08-05 10:03:11,265] INFO Property num.io.threads is overridden to 8 (kafka.utils.VerifiableProperties)
[2014-08-05 10:03:11,266] INFO Property num.network.threads is overridden to 2 (kafka.utils.VerifiableProperties)
[2014-08-05 10:03:11,266] INFO Property num.partitions is overridden to 2 (kafka.utils.VerifiableProperties)
[2014-08-05 10:03:11,267] INFO Property port is overridden to 9092 (kafka.utils.VerifiableProperties)
[2014-08-05 10:03:11,267] INFO Property socket.receive.buffer.bytes is overridden to 1048576 (kafka.utils.VerifiableProperties)
[2014-08-05 10:03:11,268] INFO Property socket.request.max.bytes is overridden to 104857600 (kafka.utils.VerifiableProperties)
[2014-08-05 10:03:11,268] INFO Property socket.send.buffer.bytes is overridden to 1048576 (kafka.utils.VerifiableProperties)
[2014-08-05 10:03:11,268] INFO Property zookeeper.connect is overridden to m1:2181,m2:2181,s1:2181,s2:2181 (kafka.utils.VerifiableProperties)
[2014-08-05 10:03:11,269] INFO Property zookeeper.connection.timeout.ms is overridden to 1000000 (kafka.utils.VerifiableProperties)
[2014-08-05 10:03:11,302] INFO [Kafka Server 1], starting (kafka.server.KafkaServer)
[2014-08-05 10:03:11,303] INFO [Kafka Server 1], Connecting to zookeeper on m1:2181,m2:2181,s1:2181,s2:2181 (kafka.server.KafkaServer)
[2014-08-05 10:03:11,335] INFO Starting ZkClient event thread. (org.I0Itec.zkclient.ZkEventThread)
[2014-08-05 10:03:11,348] INFO Client environment:zookeeper.version=3.3.3-1203054, built on 11 /17/2011 05:47 GMT (org.apache.zookeeper.ZooKeeper)
[2014-08-05 10:03:11,348] INFO Client environment:host.name=m1 (org.apache.zookeeper.ZooKeeper)
[2014-08-05 10:03:11,349] INFO Client environment:java.version=1.7.0_65 (org.apache.zookeeper.ZooKeeper)
[2014-08-05 10:03:11,349] INFO Client environment:java.vendor=Oracle Corporation (org.apache.zookeeper.ZooKeeper)
[2014-08-05 10:03:11,349] INFO Client environment:java.home= /usr/lib/jvm/java-7-oracle/jre (org.apache.zookeeper.ZooKeeper)
[2014-08-05 10:03:11,349] INFO Client environment:java.class.path=.: /usr/lib/jvm/java-7-oracle/lib/tools .jar: /usr/lib/jvm/java-7-oracle/lib/dt .jar: /home/hadoop/kafka_2 .9.2-0.8.1.1 /bin/ .. /core/build/dependant-libs-2 .8.0/*.jar: /home/hadoop/kafka_2 .9.2-0.8.1.1 /bin/ .. /perf/build/libs//kafka-perf_2 .8.0*.jar: /home/hadoop/kafka_2 .9.2-0.8.1.1 /bin/ .. /clients/build/libs//kafka-clients *.jar: /home/hadoop/kafka_2 .9.2-0.8.1.1 /bin/ .. /examples/build/libs//kafka-examples *.jar: /home/hadoop/kafka_2 .9.2-0.8.1.1 /bin/ .. /contrib/hadoop-consumer/build/libs//kafka-hadoop-consumer *.jar: /home/hadoop/kafka_2 .9.2-0.8.1.1 /bin/ .. /contrib/hadoop-producer/build/libs//kafka-hadoop-producer *.jar: /home/hadoop/kafka_2 .9.2-0.8.1.1 /bin/ .. /libs/jopt-simple-3 .2.jar: /home/hadoop/kafka_2 .9.2-0.8.1.1 /bin/ .. /libs/kafka_2 .9.2-0.8.1.1.jar: /home/hadoop/kafka_2 .9.2-0.8.1.1 /bin/ .. /libs/kafka_2 .9.2-0.8.1.1-javadoc.jar: /home/hadoop/kafka_2 .9.2-0.8.1.1 /bin/ .. /libs/kafka_2 .9.2-0.8.1.1-scaladoc.jar: /home/hadoop/kafka_2 .9.2-0.8.1.1 /bin/ .. /libs/kafka_2 .9.2-0.8.1.1-sources.jar: /home/hadoop/kafka_2 .9.2-0.8.1.1 /bin/ .. /libs/log4j-1 .2.15.jar: /home/hadoop/kafka_2 .9.2-0.8.1.1 /bin/ .. /libs/metrics-core-2 .2.0.jar: /home/hadoop/kafka_2 .9.2-0.8.1.1 /bin/ .. /libs/scala-library-2 .9.2.jar: /home/hadoop/kafka_2 .9.2-0.8.1.1 /bin/ .. /libs/slf4j-api-1 .7.2.jar: /home/hadoop/kafka_2 .9.2-0.8.1.1 /bin/ .. /libs/snappy-java-1 .0.5.jar: /home/hadoop/kafka_2 .9.2-0.8.1.1 /bin/ .. /libs/zkclient-0 .3.jar: /home/hadoop/kafka_2 .9.2-0.8.1.1 /bin/ .. /libs/zookeeper-3 .3.4.jar: /home/hadoop/kafka_2 .9.2-0.8.1.1 /bin/ .. /core/build/libs/kafka_2 .8.0*.jar (org.apache.zookeeper.ZooKeeper)
[2014-08-05 10:03:11,350] INFO Client environment:java.library.path=: /usr/local/lib : /usr/java/packages/lib/amd64 : /usr/lib64 : /lib64 : /lib : /usr/lib (org.apache.zookeeper.ZooKeeper)
[2014-08-05 10:03:11,350] INFO Client environment:java.io.tmpdir= /tmp (org.apache.zookeeper.ZooKeeper)
[2014-08-05 10:03:11,350] INFO Client environment:java.compiler=<NA> (org.apache.zookeeper.ZooKeeper)
[2014-08-05 10:03:11,350] INFO Client environment:os.name=Linux (org.apache.zookeeper.ZooKeeper)
[2014-08-05 10:03:11,350] INFO Client environment:os.arch=amd64 (org.apache.zookeeper.ZooKeeper)
[2014-08-05 10:03:11,351] INFO Client environment:os.version=3.11.0-15-generic (org.apache.zookeeper.ZooKeeper)
[2014-08-05 10:03:11,351] INFO Client environment:user.name=root (org.apache.zookeeper.ZooKeeper)
[2014-08-05 10:03:11,351] INFO Client environment:user.home= /root (org.apache.zookeeper.ZooKeeper)
[2014-08-05 10:03:11,351] INFO Client environment:user. dir = /home/hadoop (org.apache.zookeeper.ZooKeeper)
[2014-08-05 10:03:11,352] INFO Initiating client connection, connectString=m1:2181,m2:2181,s1:2181,s2:2181 sessionTimeout=6000 watcher=org.I0Itec.zkclient.ZkClient@51f782b8 (org.apache.zookeeper.ZooKeeper)
[2014-08-05 10:03:11,380] INFO Opening socket connection to server m2 /192 .168.1.51:2181 (org.apache.zookeeper.ClientCnxn)
[2014-08-05 10:03:11,386] INFO Socket connection established to m2 /192 .168.1.51:2181, initiating session (org.apache.zookeeper.ClientCnxn)
[2014-08-05 10:03:11,398] INFO Session establishment complete on server m2 /192 .168.1.51:2181, sessionid = 0x247a3e09b460000, negotiated timeout = 6000 (org.apache.zookeeper.ClientCnxn)
[2014-08-05 10:03:11,400] INFO zookeeper state changed (SyncConnected) (org.I0Itec.zkclient.ZkClient)
[2014-08-05 10:03:11,652] INFO Loading log 'test-1' (kafka.log.LogManager)
[2014-08-05 10:03:11,681] INFO Recovering unflushed segment 0 in log test -1. (kafka.log.Log)
[2014-08-05 10:03:11,711] INFO Completed load of log test -1 with log end offset 137 (kafka.log.Log)
SLF4J: Failed to load class "org.slf4j.impl.StaticLoggerBinder" .
SLF4J: Defaulting to no-operation (NOP) logger implementation
SLF4J: See http: //www .slf4j.org /codes .html #StaticLoggerBinder for further details.
[2014-08-05 10:03:11,747] INFO Loading log 'idoall.org-0' (kafka.log.LogManager)
[2014-08-05 10:03:11,748] INFO Recovering unflushed segment 0 in log idoall.org-0. (kafka.log.Log)
[2014-08-05 10:03:11,754] INFO Completed load of log idoall.org-0 with log end offset 5 (kafka.log.Log)
[2014-08-05 10:03:11,760] INFO Loading log 'test-0' (kafka.log.LogManager)
[2014-08-05 10:03:11,765] INFO Recovering unflushed segment 0 in log test -0. (kafka.log.Log)
[2014-08-05 10:03:11,777] INFO Completed load of log test -0 with log end offset 151 (kafka.log.Log)
[2014-08-05 10:03:11,779] INFO Starting log cleanup with a period of 60000 ms. (kafka.log.LogManager)
[2014-08-05 10:03:11,782] INFO Starting log flusher with a default period of 9223372036854775807 ms. (kafka.log.LogManager)
[2014-08-05 10:03:11,800] INFO Awaiting socket connections on m1:9092. (kafka.network.Acceptor)
[2014-08-05 10:03:11,802] INFO [Socket Server on Broker 1], Started (kafka.network.SocketServer)
[2014-08-05 10:03:11,890] INFO Will not load MX4J, mx4j-tools.jar is not in the classpath (kafka.utils.Mx4jLoader$)
[2014-08-05 10:03:11,919] INFO 1 successfully elected as leader (kafka.server.ZookeeperLeaderElector)
[2014-08-05 10:03:12,359] INFO New leader is 1 (kafka.server.ZookeeperLeaderElector$LeaderChangeListener)
[2014-08-05 10:03:12,387] INFO Registered broker 1 at path /brokers/ids/1 with address m1:9092. (kafka.utils.ZkUtils$)
[2014-08-05 10:03:12,392] INFO [Kafka Server 1], started (kafka.server.KafkaServer)
[2014-08-05 10:03:12,671] INFO [ReplicaFetcherManager on broker 1] Removed fetcher for partitions [idoall.org,0],[ test ,0],[ test ,1] (kafka.server.ReplicaFetcherManager)
[2014-08-05 10:03:12,741] INFO [ReplicaFetcherManager on broker 1] Removed fetcher for partitions [idoall.org,0],[ test ,0],[ test ,1] (kafka.server.ReplicaFetcherManager)
[2014-08-05 10:03:25,327] INFO Partition [ test ,0] on broker 1: Expanding ISR for partition [ test ,0] from 1 to 1,2 (kafka.cluster.Partition)
[2014-08-05 10:03:25,334] INFO Partition [ test ,1] on broker 1: Expanding ISR for partition [ test ,1] from 1 to 1,2 (kafka.cluster.Partition)
[2014-08-05 10:03:26,905] INFO Partition [ test ,1] on broker 1: Expanding ISR for partition [ test ,1] from 1,2 to 1,2,3 (kafka.cluster.Partition)

　　4、测试kafka的状态
　　　　1)在m1上创建一个idoall_testTopic主题
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#KAFKA有几个，replication-factor就填几个
root@m1: /home/hadoop # /home/hadoop/kafka_2.9.2-0.8.1.1/bin/kafka-topics.sh --create --topic idoall_testTopic --replication-factor 4 --partitions 2 --zookeeper m1:2181
Created topic "idoall_testTopic" .
[2014-08-05 10:08:29,315] INFO [ReplicaFetcherManager on broker 1] Removed fetcher for partitions [idoall_testTopic,0] (kafka.server.ReplicaFetcherManager)
[2014-08-05 10:08:29,334] INFO Completed load of log idoall_testTopic-0 with log end offset 0 (kafka.log.Log)
[2014-08-05 10:08:29,373] INFO Created log for partition [idoall_testTopic,0] in /home/hadoop/kafka_2 .9.2-0.8.1.1 /kafka-logs with properties {segment.index.bytes -> 10485760, file .delete.delay.ms -> 60000, segment.bytes -> 536870912, flush.ms -> 9223372036854775807, delete.retention.ms -> 86400000, index.interval.bytes -> 4096, retention.bytes -> -1, cleanup.policy -> delete, segment.ms -> 604800000, max.message.bytes -> 1000012, flush.messages -> 9223372036854775807, min.cleanable.dirty.ratio -> 0.5, retention.ms -> 604800000}. (kafka.log.LogManager)
[2014-08-05 10:08:29,384] WARN Partition [idoall_testTopic,0] on broker 1: No checkpointed highwatermark is found for partition [idoall_testTopic,0] (kafka.cluster.Partition)
[2014-08-05 10:08:29,415] INFO Completed load of log idoall_testTopic-1 with log end offset 0 (kafka.log.Log)
[2014-08-05 10:08:29,416] INFO Created log for partition [idoall_testTopic,1] in /home/hadoop/kafka_2 .9.2-0.8.1.1 /kafka-logs with properties {segment.index.bytes -> 10485760, file .delete.delay.ms -> 60000, segment.bytes -> 536870912, flush.ms -> 9223372036854775807, delete.retention.ms -> 86400000, index.interval.bytes -> 4096, retention.bytes -> -1, cleanup.policy -> delete, segment.ms -> 604800000, max.message.bytes -> 1000012, flush.messages -> 9223372036854775807, min.cleanable.dirty.ratio -> 0.5, retention.ms -> 604800000}. (kafka.log.LogManager)
[2014-08-05 10:08:29,422] WARN Partition [idoall_testTopic,1] on broker 1: No checkpointed highwatermark is found for partition [idoall_testTopic,1] (kafka.cluster.Partition)
[2014-08-05 10:08:29,430] INFO [ReplicaFetcherManager on broker 1] Removed fetcher for partitions [idoall_testTopic,1] (kafka.server.ReplicaFetcherManager)
[2014-08-05 10:08:29,438] INFO Truncating log idoall_testTopic-1 to offset 0. (kafka.log.Log)
[2014-08-05 10:08:29,473] INFO [ReplicaFetcherManager on broker 1] Added fetcher for partitions ArrayBuffer([[idoall_testTopic,1], initOffset 0 to broker id :2,host:m2,port:9092] ) (kafka.server.ReplicaFetcherManager)
[2014-08-05 10:08:29,475] INFO [ReplicaFetcherThread-0-2], Starting  (kafka.server.ReplicaFetcherThread)

　　　　2)在m1上查看刚才创建的idoall_testTopic主题
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root@m1: /home/hadoop # /home/hadoop/kafka_2.9.2-0.8.1.1/bin/kafka-topics.sh --list --zookeeper m1:2181  
idoall_testTopic

　　　　3)在m2上发送消息至kafka（m2模拟producer），发送消息“hello idoall.org”
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root@m2: /home/hadoop # /home/hadoop/kafka_2.9.2-0.8.1.1/bin/kafka-console-producer.sh --broker-list m1:9092 --sync --topic idoall_testTopic
SLF4J: Failed to load class "org.slf4j.impl.StaticLoggerBinder" .
SLF4J: Defaulting to no-operation (NOP) logger implementation
SLF4J: See http: //www .slf4j.org /codes .html #StaticLoggerBinder for further details.
hello idoall.org

　　　　4)在s1上开启一个消费者（s1模拟consumer），可以看到刚才发送的消息
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root@s1: /home/hadoop # /home/hadoop/kafka_2.9.2-0.8.1.1/bin/kafka-console-consumer.sh --zookeeper m1:2181 --topic idoall_testTopic --from-beginning
SLF4J: Failed to load class "org.slf4j.impl.StaticLoggerBinder" .
SLF4J: Defaulting to no-operation (NOP) logger implementation
SLF4J: See http: //www .slf4j.org /codes .html #StaticLoggerBinder for further details.
hello idoall.org

　　　　5)删除掉一个Topic，这里我们测试创建一个idoall的主题，再删除掉
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root@m1: /home/hadoop # /home/hadoop/kafka_2.9.2-0.8.1.1/bin/kafka-topics.sh --create --topic idoall --replication-factor 4 --partitions 2 --zookeeper m1:2181         
Created topic "idoall" .
[2014-08-05 10:38:30,862] INFO Completed load of log idoall-1 with log end offset 0 (kafka.log.Log)
[2014-08-05 10:38:30,864] INFO Created log for partition [idoall,1] in /home/hadoop/kafka_2 .9.2-0.8.1.1 /kafka-logs with properties {segment.index.bytes -> 10485760, file .delete.delay.ms -> 60000, segment.bytes -> 536870912, flush.ms -> 9223372036854775807, delete.retention.ms -> 86400000, index.interval.bytes -> 4096, retention.bytes -> -1, cleanup.policy -> delete, segment.ms -> 604800000, max.message.bytes -> 1000012, flush.messages -> 9223372036854775807, min.cleanable.dirty.ratio -> 0.5, retention.ms -> 604800000}. (kafka.log.LogManager)
[2014-08-05 10:38:30,870] WARN Partition [idoall,1] on broker 1: No checkpointed highwatermark is found for partition [idoall,1] (kafka.cluster.Partition)
[2014-08-05 10:38:30,878] INFO [ReplicaFetcherManager on broker 1] Removed fetcher for partitions [idoall,1] (kafka.server.ReplicaFetcherManager)
[2014-08-05 10:38:30,880] INFO Truncating log idoall-1 to offset 0. (kafka.log.Log)
[2014-08-05 10:38:30,885] INFO [ReplicaFetcherManager on broker 1] Added fetcher for partitions ArrayBuffer([[idoall,1], initOffset 0 to broker id :3,host:s1,port:9092] ) (kafka.server.ReplicaFetcherManager)
[2014-08-05 10:38:30,887] INFO [ReplicaFetcherThread-0-3], Starting  (kafka.server.ReplicaFetcherThread)
root@m1: /home/hadoop # /home/hadoop/kafka_2.9.2-0.8.1.1/bin/kafka-topics.sh --list --zookeeper m1:2181
idoall
idoall_testTopic
root@m1: /home/hadoop # /home/hadoop/kafka_2.9.2-0.8.1.1/bin/kafka-run-class.sh kafka.admin.DeleteTopicCommand --topic idoall --zookeeper m2:2181   
deletion succeeded!
root@m1: /home/hadoop # /home/hadoop/kafka_2.9.2-0.8.1.1/bin/kafka-topics.sh --list --zookeeper m1:2181                  idoall_testTopic
root@m1: /home/hadoop #

　　　　同样也可以进入到zookeeper中查看主题是否已经删除掉。
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root@m1: /home/hadoop # /home/hadoop/zookeeper-3.4.5/bin/zkCli.sh
Connecting to localhost:2181
2014-08-05 10:15:21,863 [myid:] - INFO  [main:Environment@100] - Client environment:zookeeper.version=3.4.5-1392090, built on 09 /30/2012 17:52 GMT
2014-08-05 10:15:21,871 [myid:] - INFO  [main:Environment@100] - Client environment:host.name=m1
2014-08-05 10:15:21,871 [myid:] - INFO  [main:Environment@100] - Client environment:java.version=1.7.0_65
2014-08-05 10:15:21,872 [myid:] - INFO  [main:Environment@100] - Client environment:java.vendor=Oracle Corporation
2014-08-05 10:15:21,872 [myid:] - INFO  [main:Environment@100] - Client environment:java.home= /usr/lib/jvm/java-7-oracle/jre
2014-08-05 10:15:21,873 [myid:] - INFO  [main:Environment@100] - Client environment:java.class.path= /home/hadoop/zookeeper-3 .4.5 /bin/ .. /build/classes : /home/hadoop/zookeeper-3 .4.5 /bin/ .. /build/lib/ *.jar: /home/hadoop/zookeeper-3 .4.5 /bin/ .. /lib/slf4j-log4j12-1 .6.1.jar: /home/hadoop/zookeeper-3 .4.5 /bin/ .. /lib/slf4j-api-1 .6.1.jar: /home/hadoop/zookeeper-3 .4.5 /bin/ .. /lib/netty-3 .2.2.Final.jar: /home/hadoop/zookeeper-3 .4.5 /bin/ .. /lib/log4j-1 .2.15.jar: /home/hadoop/zookeeper-3 .4.5 /bin/ .. /lib/jline-0 .9.94.jar: /home/hadoop/zookeeper-3 .4.5 /bin/ .. /zookeeper-3 .4.5.jar: /home/hadoop/zookeeper-3 .4.5 /bin/ .. /src/java/lib/ *.jar: /home/hadoop/zookeeper-3 .4.5 /bin/ .. /conf :.: /usr/lib/jvm/java-7-oracle/lib/tools .jar: /usr/lib/jvm/java-7-oracle/lib/dt .jar
2014-08-05 10:15:21,874 [myid:] - INFO  [main:Environment@100] - Client environment:java.library.path=: /usr/local/lib : /usr/java/packages/lib/amd64 : /usr/lib64 : /lib64 : /lib : /usr/lib
2014-08-05 10:15:21,874 [myid:] - INFO  [main:Environment@100] - Client environment:java.io.tmpdir= /tmp
2014-08-05 10:15:21,874 [myid:] - INFO  [main:Environment@100] - Client environment:java.compiler=<NA>
2014-08-05 10:15:21,875 [myid:] - INFO  [main:Environment@100] - Client environment:os.name=Linux
2014-08-05 10:15:21,875 [myid:] - INFO  [main:Environment@100] - Client environment:os.arch=amd64
2014-08-05 10:15:21,876 [myid:] - INFO  [main:Environment@100] - Client environment:os.version=3.11.0-15-generic
2014-08-05 10:15:21,876 [myid:] - INFO  [main:Environment@100] - Client environment:user.name=root
2014-08-05 10:15:21,877 [myid:] - INFO  [main:Environment@100] - Client environment:user.home= /root
2014-08-05 10:15:21,878 [myid:] - INFO  [main:Environment@100] - Client environment:user. dir = /home/hadoop
2014-08-05 10:15:21,879 [myid:] - INFO  [main:ZooKeeper@438] - Initiating client connection, connectString=localhost:2181 sessionTimeout=30000 watcher=org.apache.zookeeper.ZooKeeperMain$MyWatcher@666c211a
Welcome to ZooKeeper!
2014-08-05 10:15:21,920 [myid:] - INFO  [main-SendThread(localhost:2181):ClientCnxn$SendThread@966] - Opening socket connection to server localhost /127 .0.0.1:2181. Will not attempt to authenticate using SASL (unknown error)
2014-08-05 10:15:21,934 [myid:] - INFO  [main-SendThread(localhost:2181):ClientCnxn$SendThread@849] - Socket connection established to localhost /127 .0.0.1:2181, initiating session
JLine support is enabled
2014-08-05 10:15:21,966 [myid:] - INFO  [main-SendThread(localhost:2181):ClientCnxn$SendThread@1207] - Session establishment complete on server localhost /127 .0.0.1:2181, sessionid = 0x147a3e1246b0007, negotiated timeout = 30000
 
WATCHER::
 
WatchedEvent state:SyncConnected type :None path:null
[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 0] ls /
[hbase, hadoop-ha, admin, zookeeper, consumers, config, controller, storm, brokers, controller_epoch]
[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 1] ls /brokers
[topics, ids]
[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 2] ls /brokers/topics
[idoall_testTopic]

　　5、使用Eclipse来调用kafka的JAVA API来测试kafka的集群状态
　　　　1)消息生产端：Producertest.java
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package idoall.testkafka;
 
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.Properties;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;  
 
import kafka.javaapi.producer.Producer;
import kafka.producer.KeyedMessage;
import kafka.producer.ProducerConfig;
 
 
/**
* 消息生产端
* @author 迦壹
* @Time 2014-08-05
*/
public class Producertest {
     
      public static void main(String[] args) {
          Properties props = new Properties();
          props.put( "zk.connect" , "m1:2181,m2:2181,s1:2181,s2:2181" );
          // serializer.class为消息的序列化类
          props.put( "serializer.class" , "kafka.serializer.StringEncoder" );
          // 配置metadata.broker.list, 为了高可用, 最好配两个broker实例
          props.put( "metadata.broker.list" , "m1:9092,m2:9092,s1:9092,s2:9092" );
          // 设置Partition类, 对队列进行合理的划分
          //props.put("partitioner.class", "idoall.testkafka.Partitionertest");
          // ACK机制, 消息发送需要kafka服务端确认
          props.put( "request.required.acks" , "1" );
 
           props.put( "num.partitions" , "4" );
          ProducerConfig config = new ProducerConfig(props);
          Producer<String, String> producer = new Producer<String, String>(config);
          for ( int i = 0 ; i < 10 ; i++)
          {
            // KeyedMessage<K, V>
            // 　　K对应Partition Key的类型
            // 　　V对应消息本身的类型
//　　 topic: "test", key: "key", message: "message"
            SimpleDateFormat formatter = new SimpleDateFormat   ( "yyyy年MM月dd日 HH:mm:ss SSS" );      
            Date curDate = new Date(System.currentTimeMillis()); //获取当前时间      
            String str = formatter.format(curDate);  
            
            String msg = "idoall.org" + i+ "=" +str;
            String key = i+ "" ;
            producer.send( new KeyedMessage<String, String>( "idoall_testTopic" ,key, msg));
          }
        }
}

　　　　2)消息消费端：Consumertest.java
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package idoall.testkafka;
 
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List; 
import java.util.Map; 
import java.util.Properties; 
   
import kafka.consumer.ConsumerConfig; 
import kafka.consumer.ConsumerIterator; 
import kafka.consumer.KafkaStream; 
import kafka.javaapi.consumer.ConsumerConnector;
 
 
/**
* 消息消费端
* @author 迦壹
* @Time 2014-08-05
*/
public class Consumertest extends Thread{
      
      private final ConsumerConnector consumer; 
     private final String topic; 
 
     public static void main(String[] args) { 
       Consumertest consumerThread = new Consumertest( "idoall_testTopic" ); 
         consumerThread.start(); 
     } 
     public Consumertest(String topic) { 
         consumer =kafka.consumer.Consumer.createJavaConsumerConnector(createConsumerConfig()); 
         this .topic =topic; 
     } 
 
private static ConsumerConfig createConsumerConfig() { 
     Properties props = new Properties(); 
     // 设置zookeeper的链接地址
     props.put( "zookeeper.connect" , "m1:2181,m2:2181,s1:2181,s2:2181" ); 
     // 设置group id
     props.put( "group.id" , "1" ); 
     // kafka的group 消费记录是保存在zookeeper上的, 但这个信息在zookeeper上不是实时更新的, 需要有个间隔时间更新
     props.put( "auto.commit.interval.ms" , "1000" );
     props.put( "zookeeper.session.timeout.ms" , "10000" ); 
     return new ConsumerConfig(props); 
} 
 
public void run(){ 
      //设置Topic=>Thread Num映射关系, 构建具体的流
     Map<String,Integer> topickMap = new HashMap<String, Integer>(); 
     topickMap.put(topic, 1 ); 
     Map<String, List<KafkaStream< byte [], byte []>>>  streamMap=consumer.createMessageStreams(topickMap); 
     KafkaStream< byte [], byte []>stream = streamMap.get(topic).get( 0 ); 
     ConsumerIterator< byte [], byte []> it =stream.iterator(); 
     System.out.println( "*********Results********" ); 
     while (it.hasNext()){ 
         System.err.println( "get data:" + new String(it.next().message())); 
         try { 
             Thread.sleep( 1000 ); 
         } catch (InterruptedException e) { 
             e.printStackTrace(); 
         } 
     } 
} 
}

　　　　3)在Eclipse查看java代码效果，在这之前先在其中一台机器(我使用的s1)，开启消费者，同时观察eclipse和s1上的消费者是否都收到了消息。最后结果如下图：
----------两张图片之间的分隔线 ----------

　　　　 可以看到，刚好10条信息，没有丢失。不过消息因为均衡的原因，并非是有序的，在Kafka只提供了分区内部的有序性，不能跨partition. 每个分区的有序性，结合按Key分partition的能力对大多应用都够用了。（如何按key进行分partition，在文章末尾提供的Eclpise代码中有个Partitionertest.java提供了一个Demo）

　　6、在命令行下打包java文件，测试kafka
　　　　1)修改工程目录中的pom.xml文件
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< project xmlns = "http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi = "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
   xsi:schemaLocation = "http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd" >
   < modelVersion >4.0.0</ modelVersion >
   < groupId >idoall.testkafka</ groupId >
   < artifactId >idoall.testkafka</ artifactId >
   < version >0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</ version >
   < packaging >jar</ packaging >
   < name >idoall.testkafka</ name >
   < url >http://maven.apache.org</ url >
   < properties >
     < project.build.sourceEncoding >UTF-8</ project.build.sourceEncoding >
   </ properties >
   < dependencies >
     < dependency >
       < groupId >junit</ groupId >
       < artifactId >junit</ artifactId >
       < version >3.8.1</ version >
       < scope >test</ scope >
     </ dependency >
     < dependency >
       < groupId >log4j</ groupId >
       < artifactId >log4j</ artifactId >
       < version >1.2.14</ version >
     </ dependency >
     < dependency >
       < groupId >com.sksamuel.kafka</ groupId >
       < artifactId >kafka_2.10</ artifactId >
       < version >0.8.0-beta1</ version >
     </ dependency >
   </ dependencies >
   < build > 
         < finalName >idoall.testkafka</ finalName > 
         < plugins > 
             < plugin > 
                 < groupId >org.apache.maven.plugins</ groupId > 
                 < artifactId >maven-compiler-plugin</ artifactId > 
                 < version >2.0.2</ version > 
                 < configuration > 
                     < source >1.5</ source > 
                     < target >1.5</ target > 
                     < encoding >UTF-8</ encoding > 
                 </ configuration > 
             </ plugin > 
             < plugin > 
                 < artifactId >maven-assembly-plugin</ artifactId > 
                 < version >2.4</ version > 
                 < configuration > 
                     < descriptors > 
                         < descriptor >src/main/src.xml</ descriptor > 
                     </ descriptors > 
                     < descriptorRefs > 
                         < descriptorRef >jar-with-dependencies</ descriptorRef > 
                     </ descriptorRefs > 
                 </ configuration > 
                 < executions > 
                     < execution > 
                         < id >make-assembly</ id > <!-- this is used for inheritance merges --> 
                         < phase >package</ phase > <!-- bind to the packaging phase --> 
                         < goals > 
                             < goal >single</ goal > 
                         </ goals > 
                     </ execution > 
                 </ executions > 
             </ plugin > 
         </ plugins > 
     </ build >
</ project >

　　　　2)修改工程目录中的src/main/src.xml文件
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<? xml version = "1.0" encoding = "UTF-8" ?>
< assembly xmlns = "http://maven.apache.org/plugins/maven-assembly-plugin/assembly/1.1.0"
           xmlns:xsi = "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
           xsi:schemaLocation = "http://maven.apache.org/plugins/maven-assembly-plugin/assembly/1.1.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/assembly-1.1.0.xsd " >
     < id >jar-with-dependencies</ id >
     < formats >
         < format >jar</ format >
     </ formats >
     < includeBaseDirectory >false</ includeBaseDirectory >
     < dependencySets >
         < dependencySet >
             < unpack >false</ unpack >
             < scope >runtime</ scope >
         </ dependencySet >
     </ dependencySets >
     < fileSets >
         < fileSet >
             < directory >/lib</ directory >
         </ fileSet >
     </ fileSets >
</ assembly >

　　　　3)制作依赖包，在工程目录执行mvn package，得到idoall.testkafka-jar-with-dependencies.jar，下面是部分执行后的结果：
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Running idoall.testkafka.idoall.testkafka.AppTest
Tests run: 1, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0, Time elapsed: 0.004 sec
 
Results :
 
Tests run: 1, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0
 
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-jar-plugin:2.4:jar (default-jar) @ idoall.testkafka ---
[INFO] Building jar: /Users/lion/Documents/_my_project/java/idoall .testkafka /target/idoall .testkafka.jar
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-assembly-plugin:2.4:single ( make -assembly) @ idoall.testkafka ---
[INFO] Reading assembly descriptor: src /main/src .xml
[WARNING] The assembly id jar-with-dependencies is used more than once.
[INFO] Building jar: /Users/lion/Documents/_my_project/java/idoall .testkafka /target/idoall .testkafka-jar-with-dependencies.jar
[INFO] Building jar: /Users/lion/Documents/_my_project/java/idoall .testkafka /target/idoall .testkafka-jar-with-dependencies.jar
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] BUILD SUCCESS
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Total time : 9.074 s
[INFO] Finished at: 2014-08-05T12:22:47+08:00
[INFO] Final Memory: 63M /836M
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------

　　　　4)编译文件，进入到工程目录，执行命令
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liondeMacBook-Pro:idoall.testkafka lion$ pwd
/Users/lion/Documents/_my_project/java/idoall .testkafka
liondeMacBook-Pro:idoall.testkafka lion$ javac -classpath target /idoall .testkafka-jar-with-dependencies.jar -d . src /main/java/idoall/testkafka/ *.java

　　　　5)执行编译后的文件。分别打开两个窗口，一个用来消费，一个用来生产。可以看到消费窗口可以正常显示消息。
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java -classpath .:target /idoall .testkafka-jar-with-dependencies.jar idoall.testkafka.Producertest
 
java -classpath .:target /idoall .testkafka-jar-with-dependencies.jar idoall.testkafka.Consumertest
----------两张图片之间的分隔线 ----------

　　五、FAQ
　　1、如果在创建主题时出现下面的错误 ，那就是启动的brokers的个数达不到你所指定的--replication-factor值：
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Error while executing topic command replication factor: 3 larger than available brokers: 1
kafka.admin.AdminOperationException: replication factor: 3 larger than available brokers: 1
         at kafka.admin.AdminUtils$.assignReplicasToBrokers(AdminUtils.scala:70)
         at kafka.admin.AdminUtils$.createTopic(AdminUtils.scala:155)
         at kafka.admin.TopicCommand$.createTopic(TopicCommand.scala:86)
         at kafka.admin.TopicCommand$.main(TopicCommand.scala:50)
         at kafka.admin.TopicCommand.main(TopicCommand.scala)

　　2、如果出现下面的错误，可以先启动kafka，再启动hadoop中的zkfc(DFSZKFailoverController)：
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Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM warning: INFO: os::commit_memory(0x00000000c0130000, 986513408, 0) failed; error= 'Cannot allocate memory' (errno=12)
#
# There is insufficient memory for the Java Runtime Environment to continue.
# Native memory allocation (malloc) failed to allocate 986513408 bytes for committing reserved memory.
# An error report file with more information is saved as:
# /home/hadoop/hs_err_pid13558.log

　　六、扩展阅读

　　文章中Eclipse工程文件的下载地址： http://pan.baidu.com/s/1i3kQEFz
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Kafka开源项目指南

Kafka开源项目指南提供详尽教程，助开发者掌握其架构、配置和使用，实现高效数据流管理和实时处理。它高性能、可扩展，适合日志收集和实时数据处理，通过持久化保障数据安全，是企业大数据生态系统的核心。

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